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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Material conditional ： ウィキペディア英語版 Material conditional The material conditional (also known as "material implication", "material consequence", or simply "implication", "implies" or "conditional") is a logical connective (or a binary operator) that is often symbolized by a forward arrow "→". The material conditional is used to form statements of the form (termed a conditional statement) which is read as "if p then q" or "p only if q" and conventionally compared to the English construction "If...then...". But unlike the English construction, the material conditional statement does not specify a causal relationship between ''p'' and ''q'' and is to be understood to mean "if ''p'' is true, then ''q'' is also true" such that the statement is false only when ''p'' is true and ''q'' is false. Intuitively, consider that a given p being true and q being false would prove an "if p is true, q is always also true" statement false, even when the "if p then q" does not represent a causal relationship between p and q. Instead, the statement describes p and q as each only being true when the other is true, and makes no claims that p causes q. However, note that such a general and informal way of thinking about the material conditional is not always acceptable, as will be discussed. As such, the material conditional is also to be distinguished from logical consequence. The material conditional is also symbolized using: # $p\; \backslash supset\; q$ (Although this symbol may be used for the superset symbol in set theory.); # $p\; \backslash Rightarrow\; q$ (Although this symbol is often used for logical consequence (i.e. logical implication) rather than for material conditional.) With respect to the material conditionals above, ''p'' is termed the ''antecedent'', and ''q'' the ''consequent'' of the conditional. Conditional statements may be nested such that either or both of the antecedent or the consequent may themselves be conditional statements. In the example both the antecedent and the consequent are conditional statements. In classical logic $p\; \backslash rightarrow\; q$ is logically equivalent to $\backslash neg(p\; \backslash and\; \backslash neg\; q)$ and by De Morgan's Law logically equivalent to $\backslash neg\; p\; \backslash or\; q$. Whereas, in minimal logic (and therefore also intuitionistic logic) $p\; \backslash rightarrow\; q$ only logically entails $\backslash neg(p\; \backslash and\; \backslash neg\; q)$; and in intuitionistic logic (but not minimal logic) $\backslash neg\; p\; \backslash or\; q$ entails $p\; \backslash rightarrow\; q$. ==Definitions of the material conditional== Logicians have many different views on the nature of material implication and approaches to explain its sense. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Material conditional」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.